Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

      The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally, or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it – but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That’s up to you.

      A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!

      To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47. What does the writer mean by “Such personal encounters are the ‘payoff’ in education” (Line 4, Para. 1)?

48. It can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances to __________________________.

49. According to the second paragraph, writing a research paper is not only a classroom exercise, it is also _________________________.

50. The writer argues in the passage that one should consider research paper writing _____________________________.

51. What will probably follow this passage?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so on -- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately there are still communities -- smaller towns, usually -- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hole up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated -- they simply are not done!”

Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized (受害): by his underprivileged upbringing (培养), by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.

I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

       We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.   What the wise man said suggests that ________.

       A) it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil

       B) It’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it

       C) it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil

       D) it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil

53.   According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime ________.

       A) society is to be held responsible

       B) modern civilization is responsible for it

       C) the criminal himself should bear the blame

       D) the standards of living should be improved

54.   Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.

       A) less self-discipline

       B) better sense of discipline

       C) more mutual respect

       D) less effective government

55.   The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.

       A) people in large cities tend to excuse criminals

       B) people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards

       C) today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty

       D) people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities

56.   The key point of the passage is that ________.

       A) stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families

       B) more good examples should be set for people to follow

       C) more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior

       D) more people should accept the value of accountability

Passage Two

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮的嵌齿) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated (通风良好的) factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates (下属). They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness (服从) and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again -- by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.   By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to say that man is ________.

       A) a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible

       B) working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

       C) an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly

       D) a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly

58.   The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________.

       A) they are likely to lose their jobs

       B) they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life

       C) they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

       D) they are deprived of their individuality and independence

59.   From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ________.

       A) who are at the bottom of the society

       B) who are higher up in their social status

       C) who prove better that their fellow-competitors

       D) who could keep far away from this competitive world

60.   To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ________.

       A) resort to the production mode of our ancestors

       B) offer higher wages to the workers and employees

       C) enable man to fully develop his potentialities

       D) take the fundamental realities for granted

61.   The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ________.

       A) approval                                              B) dissatisfaction

       C) suspicion                                            D) tolerance

Part V Error Correction (15 minutes)

Directions: This part consist of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you ad a word, put an insertion mark (Ù) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

Examples:

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。

72. What you say now is _________________________________________________ (与你上星期说的不一致).

73. Researchers have discovered that ____________________________________________ (积极地与动物交往可以降低人的血压).

74. They are going to have ______________________________________ (工人在办公室里装一台电风扇).

75. We have been told that under no circumstances ______________________________ (我们决不可以用办公室的电话办私事).

76. Unfortunately, the new edition of this dictionary _______________________________ (在所有主要书店已脱销).